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ObjectiveTo obtain content characteristics of inorganic elements in Scutellariae Radix （aged 1-4 years）， and to explore the feasibility of identifying the growth years of Scutellariae Radix based on characteristic spectrum of inorganic elements combined with chemometric models. MethodAfter microwave digestion， the contents of Mn， Zn， Ca， Fe， Mg， Na， K， Cr， Cu， Se， As， Cd， Hg， Pb and Ni in 21 batches of Scutellariae Radix were determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry （ICP-OES） and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry （ICP-MS）. Meanwhile， characteristic spectrum of inorganic elements in samples was drawn. The identification model was constructed to discriminate the growth years of Scutellariae Radix based on the combination of principal component analysis （PCA）， Fisher discriminant function and support vector machine （SVM）. ResultThe contents of Mn （7.79-36.48 μg·g-1）， Zn （10.12-31.43 μg·g-1）， Cu （6.38-17.20 μg·g-1）， K （2.98-13.89 μg·g-1）， Mg （3.45-7.78 μg·g-1） and Ca （2.32-7.09 μg·g-1） in Scutellariae Radix were detected by ICP-OES and ICP-MS， and their contents increased with the prolongation of growth years. PCA results showed that Cu， Ni， Cd， Na， Mg， Fe， Ca， Zn， Mn and Hg were characteristic elements of Scutellariae Radix. Samples with different years could be divided into four categories in the spatial characteristic diagram of Fisher discriminant analysis. The correct rate of SVM model for identifying the growth years of samples was 95.2%. ConclusionThis established method is accurate and rapid for discriminating the growth years of Scutellariae Radix， which can provide reference for the identification of other Chinese medicinal materials. It is suggested that some elements should be considered as indexes in subsequent construction of the quality evaluation system of Scutellariae Radix.
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In order to evaluate the composition and distribution characteristics of inorganic elements in Laminaria japonica, this study employed inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(ICP-MS) to detect the inorganic elements and used high performance liquid chromatography tandem ICP-MS(HPLC-ICP-MS) to determine the content of different arsenic species in L. japonica from diffe-rent origins. Micro X-ray fluorescence(Micro-XRF) was used to determine micro-area distribution of inorganic elements in L. japonica. The results showed that the average content of Mn, Fe, Sr, and Al was high, and that of As and Cr exceeded the limits of the national food safety standard. According to the results of HPLC-ICP-MS, arsenobetaine(AsB) was the main species of As contained in L. japonica. The more toxic inorganic arsenic accounts for a small proportion, whereas its content was 1-4 times of the limit in the national food safety standard. The results of Micro-XRF showed that As, Pb, Fe, Cu, Mn, and Ni were mainly distributed on the surface of L. japonica. Among them, As and Pb had a clear tendency to diffuse from the surface to the inside. The results of the study can provide a basis for the processing as well as the medicinal and edible safety evaluation of L. japonica.
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Arsenic/analysis , Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid/methods , Laminaria , Mass Spectrometry/methods , Spectrum Analysis , Trace Elements/analysisABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE：To establish the method for the content determination of inorganic elements in Cyperus rotundus ，and to compare the contents of 14 kinds of inorganic elements in C. rotundus from different producing areas ，and to provide theoretical basis for its quality control and high quality resources development . METHODS ：The samples were processed by microwave digestion，and ICP-MS method was used to determine the contents of Na ，Mg，K，Ca，Mn，Fe，Ni，Cu，Zn，As，Se，Sr，Cd and Pb. SPSS 23.0 software were used for principal component analysis （PCA）and cluster analysis. RESULTS ：The average contents of above 14 kinds of inorganic elements in C. rotundus from different producing areas were 168.62，753.71， 6 938.33，24.31，14.69，197.77，0.60，2.43，26.89，0.21，0.06，5.64，0.05，0.32 mg/kg，respectively. The results of PCA showed that the cumulative variance contribution rate of the first four principal components was 86.203％，which could reflect most of the information of the original data. C. rotundus from Shandong ，Jiangxi，Shanxi，Hubei and Yunnan ranked the top five places in terms of comprehensive score of inorganic element contents. The results of cluster analysis showed that the samples from 9 producing areas were clustered into 5 categories，showing the characteristics of clustering by producing area. From the perspective of inorganic elements ，the quality of C. rotundus from East China ，Central China ，North China and Southwest China was better than that from South China. CONCLUSIONS ：Essential trace elements like Na ，Mg，K，Ca，Mn，Fe，Cu，Zn，Sr are rich in C. rotundus，and there are small amounts of Ni ，As，Se，Cd，Pb elements in it. The contents difference of inorganic elements in C. rotundus from different origins may related to the geographical area it belongs to.
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Objective: To establish an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) method for the simultaneous determination of 16 inorganic elements of Mume Fructus, and the elements were analyzed and evaluated. Methods: ICP-MS was used to determine the content of 16 inorganic elements in the samples after microwave digestion. Principal component analysis (PCA) and correlation analysis were performed using SPSS21.0. Results: There were no differences in the types of inorganic elements in the samples of Mume Fructus, and the content of K, Ca, Mg, Na, Fe and B was abundant in the 16 elements. Through principal component analysis, 27 batches of samples from the same origin were all clustered together, indicating that the difference of inorganic element content was related to the ecological environment of the origin, but the difference between varieties was not obvious. The characteristic elements of Mume Fructus were Cu, Zn, Ca, Mg, and the results showed that the scores of samples from Sichuan was the highest. Conclusion: This study established an accurate and efficient method for the analysis and evaluation of inorganic elements in Mume Fructus from different habitats, which provided a scientific reference for the breeding, safety evaluation, and comprehensive utilization of Mume Fructus resource.
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Objective:To find the natural environmental boundary of the origin of the authentic Ligusticum chuanxiong by analyzing the distribution characteristics of soil elements in the traditional geo-authentic area and the southern continuous expanding areas along the same longitude. Method:The contents of 24 elements both in soil and plant L. chuanxiong samples were determined by using X-ray fluorescence spectrometry （XRF） and ICP-MS，etc. Spearman correlation test was used to evaluate the correlations of rhizosphere soil and each portion of L. chuanxiong，to screen out “characteristic elements”. Bray-Curtis similarity indexes based on all elements and "characteristic elements" were used for hierarchical cluster analysis of soil samples, to identify the sample range with similar soil element charateristics to the traditional geo-authentic area of L. chuanxiong. Result:K，Mg，Mn and Rb elements were significantly correlated in rhizosphere soil and plant L. chuanxiong. Geographical differentiation of all elements and four characteristic elements showed that there was a highest similarity between geo-authentic area and its neighbor plots S1-S6 (except plot S4) in soil elements distribution, followed by plots S14-S16. The middle section plots S7-S13 in the expansion areas were quite different from the traditional geo-authentic production areas. Conclusion:The soil element characteristics in the study areas were not completely controlled by geographical distance，but demonstrated the "fault" variation in the areas along longitude. This study provides a theoretical basis for the detrrmination of suitable cultivation area for Ligusticum Chuanxiong, and the natural boundary of its geo-authentic area may be extended an additional 60 km southward along longitude beyond the traditional origin. Additionally， K，Mg，Mn and Rb characteristic elements may be the potential markers to evaluate the suitable soil environment for cultivating L. chuanxiong.
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Objective: To provide the new quality control means for Alumen by investigating the elemental differences between calcined Alumen and its counterfeit processed products of ammonium alum, and establishing their characteristic chromatogram. Method: The contents of 22 inorganic elements both in calcined Alumen and processed products of ammonium alum were determined by means of inductively coupled plasma (ICP)-optical emission spectrometer-mass spectrometry (ICP-OES/ICP-MS),SPSS 16.0 was used for cluster analysis (CA) while SIMCA-P 13.0 with t-test and Rank-Sum test was used to identify the differential inorganic elements. In addition, the characteristic spectrum of the inorganic elements for calcined Alumen and counterfeit calcined alumen were established. Result: Calcined Alumen had highest contents of K and Al while counterfeit calcined Alumen has highest contents of Al and Fe;Cr,Sr,and Mn contents in calcined Alumen were relatively higher,while Mn,Ti,and Ga contents in processed products of ammonium alum were relatively higher. The content of K in calcined Alumen was about 205 times of that of counterfeit products. On the contrary,the average contents of Fe,Ti,Mn and Ga in counterfeit products of ammonium alum were much higher than those in calcined Alumen,33,46,38, 27 times, respectively. A total of 18 samples were clustered into two categories in CA:calcined Alumen and processed products of ammonium alum. 18 inorganic elements showed significant difference in contents(PConclusion: This method can be used for quality control of calcined Alumen.
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Objective: To elucidate the effect of sulfur fumigation on the content of chemical composition and quality of Panacis Quinquefolii Radix, and to discuss the identification method of sulfur fumigated Panacis Quinquefolii Radix. Method: The content changes of ginsenoside Rb1, Re, Rg1 in Panacis Quinquefolii Radix were determined by HPLC-DAD before and after sulfur fumigation. The content changes of 11 inorganic elements in Panacis Quinquefolii Radix before and after sulfur fumigation were detected by microwave digestion method and inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometry tandem mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The quality difference of Panacis Quinquefolii Radix before and after sulfur fumigation was qualitatively distinguished combined with the principal component analysis. Result: Three ginsenosides were well separated and showed good linearity with R2 ≥ 0.999.Before sulfur fumigation, the contents of ginsenoside Rg1, Re and Rb1 in Panacis Quinquefolii Radix were (0.897±0.045), (13.092±0.639), (12.896±0.430) g ·kg-1, respectively. After sulfur fumigation, the contents of these three components in Panacis Quinquefolii Radix were (0.807±0.032), (11.968±0.627), (11.752±0.696) g ·kg-1, respectively. After fumigation, the contents of inorganic elements (Cr, Mn, Co, Cu, As, Se, Ag, Cd, Sb, Pb and Fe) from Panacis Quinquefolii Radix increased in varying degrees. According to the distribution results of three-dimensional (3D) scattered points, sulfur and non-sulfur fumigation products of Panacis Quinquefolii Radix could be effectively distinguished. Conclusion: After sulfur fumigation, the contents of ginsenoside Re and Rb1 in Panacis Quinquefolii Radix decrease significantly, but the contents of 11 inorganic elements increase, suggesting that sulfur fumigation may have a great influence on the quality of Panacis Quinquefolii Radix.
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Objective: To analyze the inorganic elements composition of Naozhenning Granules (NG) by inductively coupled plasma spectrometer (ICP-MS), in order to evaluate the uniformity and safety of NG. Methods The sample of NG was prepared using the microwave digestion method, and the levels of 18 inorganic elements in 10 batches of NG were determined by ICP-MS. Then the results were analyzed by Heatmaps and Pearson Correlations. The uniformity of the products was evaluated by Inorganic elemental fingerprint, principal components analysis, and Cluster analysis. Results :The main inorganic elements in NG were K, Ca, P, Na, Mg, Fe, and there was positive correlations among the different elements. The contents of five heavy metal elements, including As, Hg, Cd, Pb, and Cu, were below the limit of Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2015. The inorganic elements reference fingerprint of NG was generated using the average and median methods. The results of fingerprint similarity, cluster analysis, and principal component analysis showed that the inorganic elements of NG showed good uniformity. The results of principal component analysis showed that K, Mg, Sr, Mn, P,and Pb may be the characteristic elements influencing the quality fluctuation of inorganic elements of NG. Conclusion: This study determined the inorganic element composition of NG, which laid a foundation for its uniformity and safety evaluation of NG.
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Objective An inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) method was established for the determination of inorganic elements in stems and leaves of Scutellaria baicalensis. The inorganic elements in the extracts were analyzed and evaluated. Methods ICP-MS was applied to determine 23 kinds of inorganic elements in samples digested by microwave in stems and leaves of S. baicalensis from eight regions, and the results were analyzed by principal component analysis (PCA) and correlation analysis. Results There were no differences in the types of inorganic elements in stems and leaves of S. baicalensis from different regions, but the content of them varied greatly. Among them, Fe, Zn, Cu, Mn, Cr, Co, Ni, Sr, B, and Ni were essential elements of the human body. The content of Al and Fe was the highest, and the content of B, Ti, Mn, Sr, and Ba was higher than others. The total content of heavy metals and harmful elements of samples were up to the mustard, except S10. The contents of Cd in S2, S10 and S22-S30 exceeded standards. Thirty-five batches stems and leaves of S. baicalensis were divided into eight groups, which were analyzed by thePCA with the contents of 23 elements as variates. These regions which have different geographies and climates might lead to the differences in the contents of inorganic elements in the samples. Four factors (F1-F4) were selected to make a comprehensive evaluation. The evaluation function was F = 0.444 2 F1 + 0.166 6 F2 + 0.129 1 F3 + 0.056 4 F4. The results showed that the scores of samples from Shanxi and Shaanxi were higher, which indicated that the qualities of above samples were better than those of other samples. Conclusion In this study, an accurate and efficient method for the analysis and determination of inorganic elements in stems and leaves of S. baicalensis from different regions was established, which provided a scientific reference for the quality control, safety evaluation, and comprehensive utilization of S. baicalensis resource.
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AIM To investigate the distribution of volatile components and inorganic elements from Vernonia amygdalina Del..METHODS Volatile components and inorganic elements in different parts of V.amygdalina were analyzed and measured by HS-SPME-GC-MS and ICP-OES techniques.RESULTS Forty-four,sixty-seven,fifty-seven chemical compounds were identified from the root,stem and leaves of V.amygdalina,accounting for 83.9％,92.0％,83.9％ of the volatile components,respectively.Nineteen inorganic elements in total were detected,and the contents of As,Be,Bi,Co were too low to detect;The three inorganic elements with the highest content in root,stem and leaves were Mg,Al and Fe.CONCLUSION There are abundant volatile components and inorganic elements in V.amygdalina,with varying distribution in its different parts.
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Objective To study the distribution and correlation of 20 kinds of inorganic elements (Na,Mg,A1,V,Cr,Co,Fe,Ni,Cu,Zn,Mn,As,Se,Cd,Cs,Sr,Ag,Hg,Pb,and U) in Jiawei Xiaoyao Formula (JXF).Methods The levels of 20 inorganic elements in 10 kinds of herbal substances were determined by ICP-MS with microwave digestion for sample preparation,and the results were analyzed with SPSS22.0.Results There were some correlations among the inorganic elements in JXF;Four main factors were selected by principal component analysis (PCA).The PCA results showed that Na,Mg,A1,V,Ni,Cu,Se,Sr,Cs,Mn,Hg,and Fe might be the characteristic elements in JXF;There were Mg,A1,Mn,and Fe elements in 10 herbal drugs,the contents of inorganic elements in herbal drug were different because the medicinal parts were different,and the decreasing order was roots and rhizomes,skin type,all grass,fruit seeds,and fungi.Conclusion Contents of inorganic elements can not only characterize the stability of extraction process,and can provide experimental evidence for the study of traditional Chinese medicine compound compatibility law.
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Objective: To study the effect of inorganic element in soil on the content of inorganic elements and baicalin in Scutellaria baicalensis from different regions. Methods: The content of baicalin, inorganic elements, and inorganic elements in the soil in S. baicalensis of four regions (Shanxi, Hebei, Shandong, and Gansu provinces) was determined and analyzed by SPSS 17.0 software. Results: The sequence of the content of baicalin in S. baicalensis from different regions was Chengde Hebei > Yuncheng Shanxi > Linyi Shandong > Dingxi Gansu. The content of K, Fe, and Mg were high in S. baicalensis. S. baicalensis from different regions was positively correlated with the inorganic elements in the soil. Among them, the correlation coefficient of the S. baicalensis from Linyi in Shandong province and the inorganic elements in soil was 0.953 which showed positive correlation significantly. Baicalin only positively correlated with K, Fe, and Mn; It negatively correlated with Cu, Zn, and Mg. Conclusion: The content of inorganic elements in the soil have a certain influence on the content of inorganic elements in S. baicalensis, and it also has a certain related trend with the content of baicalin.
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Objective: To establish an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) with microwave digestion method for the determination of 32 kinds of inorganic elements in Qingxue Bawei Tablets (QBT), including Be, B, Na, Mg, Al, P, K, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, As, Se, Rb, Sr, Mo, Ag, Cd, Sn, Sb, Cs, Ba, Hg, Tl, and Pb, in order to establish the fingerprint chromatogram of inorganic elements and analyze characteristic elements. Methods: The samples with nitric acid and hydrogen peroxide system as digestion reagents were digested via microwave, calibrated by internal standard elements, such as 6Li, Sc, Y, Rh, In, Ho, Bi, and Th. The contents of 32 inorganic elements were analyzed by ICP-MS. The content distribution curve of inorganic elements was plotted. And the principal components were analyzed with the SPSS 19.0 software. Results: The 32 inorganic elements showed good linearity in the selected concentration ranges, with the correlation coefficients over 0.999 5. The detection limits of the 32 elements were in the range of 0.001-6.390 μg/L. The RSD values of precision, stability, and repeatability all met the demands of quantitative analysis. The recovery was 94.36%-105.47%, while their RSD was 1.53%-4.56%. The fingerprint chromatogram was established by the content distribution curve of inorganic elements. Different batches of samples were similar peak shape, and the amount of inorganic elements content in different order tend to be consistent. The results of principal component analysis showed that Co, As, Ba, Ca, Sb, Ti, Ni, Fe, Cs, Se, P, Al, and K might be the characteristic elements in QBT. The content of five heavy metals (Pb, Cd, As, Hg, and Cu) was under the limit requirements of Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2015). Conclusion: The method is simple, rapid, and accurate, and it can be used for the content determination of inorganic elements in QBT. The analysis of inorganic elements can provide certain reference for the quality control, safety evaluation, and clinical application of QBT.
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Mountain cultivated ginseng (MCG), also called "Lin-Xia-Shan-Shen", is intentionally seeded and grows in mountainous forest but without any artificial management, which belongs to the herbaceous plants classified in the Araliaceae family and the genus Panax L. MCG has high medicinal value and wide range of pharmacological effects, which had been reported with many kinds of effective components, such as saponins, volatile oil, polysaccharides, protein, and inorganic elements. There is a phenomenon that something regards as real, shoddy, varying of quality in MCG market. Currently, a lot of measures are applied to the identification and evaluation of MCG. This paper summarizes the progress in study on the chemical constituents, the identification and evaluation of MCG, and provides the references for the further development, utilization, and quality control of MCG.
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Objective: To establish a method for simultaneous analysis on the inorganic elements in Tibetan medicine Zuozhudaxi by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectromter (ICP-OES) and compare the inorganic elements in Zuozhudax among different batches and major raw material of mineral drugs. Methods: The samples were digested with nitric solution as the digestion solution. The sample solutions were analyzed by ICP-OES after microwave digestion. The data of correlations, and principal components were analyzed with the SPSS 19.0 software. Results: Twenty-six inorganic elements in Zuozhudaxi were determined. And there were some correlations among the inorganic elements in Zuozhudaxi. The average contents of inorganic elements were as follows: Ca, Hg, and K levels were higher than 1 000 μg/g; P, Mg, Fe, and Sn levels were higher than 100 μg/g; Three main factors were selected by principal component analysis (PCA). The PCA results showed that Al, V, Mo, Ti, Cd, Mn, P, Hg, As, Ba, Mg, Ca, Se, Si, and Na may be the characteristic elements in Tibetan medicine Zuozhudaxi. The contents of Sn, Ti, Ca, Hg, K, P, Fe, and Mg were abundant in ZuoTa, Gypsum Calcite, Calciasinti, Brag-zhun Paste; There were significant differences among these four kinds of mineral materials. ZouTa had the highest contents of these elements. Gypsum Rubrum and Travertine had the most abundant Ca; Hg was the highest in ZuoTa; Brag-zhun Paste contains a lot of K, P, Fe, Mg, and Sn. Conclusion: This experiment provides the evidence for the quality control and safety evaluation of Zuozhudaxi.
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OBJECTIVE:To study the correlation of inorganic elements and active ingredients in Paris polyphylla. METH-ODS:HPLC was adopted for contents determination of polyphyllinⅠ,Ⅱ,Ⅵ and Ⅶ:the column was Phenomenex C18 with mo-bile phase of acetonitrile-water(gradient elution)at a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min,detection wavelength was 203 nm,and column tem-perature was 30 ℃. ICP-MS was adopted for contents determination of Na,Mg,K,Ca,Cr,Mn,Fe,Ni,Zn,Se,Sr,Mo,Pb, Cd,Hg,Cu and As:RF power was 1.55 kW,sampling depth was 10 mm,the plasma gas flow was 15.0 ml/min,carrier gas flow rate was 0.86 L/min,spray chamber temperature was 2 ℃,helium collision mode was He,gas flow was 4.5 ml/min,measurement points/peak was 6,sampling mode was hopping peak collection(repeated 3 times). And SPSS 21.0 software was adopted for step-wise regression analysis of correlation between the two above-mentioned. RESULTS:The linear range was 0.939-4.697 μg(r=0.999 8)for polyphyllinⅠ,1.124-5.620 μg(r=0.999 6)polyphyllinⅡ,0.784-3.918 μg for polyphyllin Ⅵ,0.976-4.880 μg for poly-phyllinⅦ.RSDs of precision,stability and reproducibility tests were lower than 2%,recoveries were 96.53%-100.71%(RSD=1.69%,n=6) for polyphyllinⅠ,98.19%-99.55%(RSD=0.58%,n=6) forⅡ,95.45%-100.83%(RSD=1.87%,n=6) for poly-phyllin Ⅵ,96.11%-102.01%(RSD=2.07%,n=6)for polyphyllin Ⅶ . The linear range was 0-195.984 3 mg/kg(r≥0.999 3),de-tection limit was no higher than 65.201 ng/kg. PolyphyllinⅠshowed positive correlation with Mg and negative correlation with Pb;polyphyllin Ⅱ showed positive correlation with Cu and negative correlation with As;polyphyllin Ⅵ showed positive correlation with Sr and Hg and negative correlation with Mn;polyphyllin Ⅶ showed positive correlation with Na and Ni and negative correla-tion with As;the total contents of the 4 polyphyllins showed positive correlation with Ni and Sr and negative correlation with Fe. CONCLUSIONS:The contents of inorganic elements and P. polyphylla have certain correlation with active ingredient.
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The concentration of heavy metals (Cr, Fe, Al, As, Cd, Cu, Pb, Mo, Ni, Se and Zn) was evaluated in the blood of nestling blue macaws (Anodorhynchus hyacinthinus) captured in the Pantanal, Mato Grosso do Sul (n=26) in 2012; this was based on the hypothesis that these birds exhibit levels of these heavy metals in their organism and that these interfere in hatching success, weight and age of the chicks. Blood samples were digested with nitric acid and hydrochloric acid and the quantification of metals was performed by ICP-OES (Optical Emission Spectroscopy and Inductively Coupled Plasma). Blood samples of nestlings showed concentrations of Cr (0.10μg/g) Fe (3.06μg/g) Al (3.46μg/g), Cd (0.25μg/g) Cu (0.74μg/g), Mo (0.33μg/g), Ni (0.61μg/g), Se (0.98μg/g), and Zn (2.08μg/g). The levels of heavy metals found were not associated with weight, age and hatching success of the chicks.
Avaliou-se a concentração de metais pesados (selênio, zinco, ferro, cobre, molibdênio, níquel, cromo, arsênio, cádmio, chumbo e alumínio) no sangue de filhotes de arara-azul (Anodorhynchus hyacinthinus) capturados no Pantanal (n=26) no ano de 2012, partindo da hipótese de que estas aves apresentem níveis desses metais pesados no organismo e que os mesmos tenham relação com o sucesso de eclosão, peso e idade dos filhotes. As amostras de sangue foram digeridas em ácido nítrico e ácido clorídrico e a quantificação dos metais foi realizada por ICP-OES (Espectroscopia e Emissão Óptica por Plasma Indutivamente Acoplado). As amostras de sangue de filhotes de A.hyacinthinusapresentaram concentrações de Cr (0,10μg/g), Fe (3,06μg/g), Al (3,46μg/g), Cd (0,25μg/g), Cu (0,74μg/g), Mo (0,33μg/g), Ni (0,61μg/g), Se (0,98μg/g) e Zn (2,08μg/g). Os níveis de metais pesados encontrados não apresentaram relação com o peso, idade ou sucesso de eclosão.
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Animals , Environmental Biomarkers , Inorganic Pollutants , Psittaciformes , Metals, Heavy/poisoning , Metals, Heavy/toxicity , Hematologic Tests , Hematologic Tests/veterinaryABSTRACT
Objective To explore the change regulations of inorganic elements in smooth muscle cells of sever scalded rats′gas‐trointestinal tracts and the effects of rhubarb on promoting bowel movement .Methods A total of 68 healthy male rats were select‐ed ,8 rats were enrolled in the healthy control group ,the other 60 rats were selected to establishing 30% scalded models .The trea‐ting scalded group(30 rats) were treated by tube‐feeding of extracting solution of rhubarb ,while the scalded control group(30 rats) were given commensurable distilled water .The concentrations of Cu2+ 、Zn2+ 、Ca2+ and Mg2+ in smooth muscle cells of gastrointes‐tinal tracts were determined 6 ,12 ,24 ,48 and 72 h after establishing scalded rats .Results The concentrations of Cu2+ ,Zn2+ and Ca2+ were decreased ,while the concentration of Mg2+ was initially increased and then decreased ,statistically significant differences were found when compared with the healthy control group (P< 0 .05) .12 h after scalding ,concentrations of these inorganic ele‐ments of rats in the treating scalded group were almost back to normal levels ,and there were statistically significant differences when compared with the scalded control group at any time points (P<0 .05) .Conclusion It is shown that concentrations of inor‐ganic elements in smooth muscle cells of rats′gastrointestinal tracts change obviously at the early stage of sever scald ,and early treatment with rhubarb could regulate levels of inorganic elements .
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Objective: To establish a method for simultaneous analysis on the inorganic elements in Polygoni Multiflori Radix. by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and compare the inorganic elements in Polygoni Multiflori Radix between different origin and commercial herbs. Methods: The sample solutions were analyzed by ICP-MS after microwave digestion. The data of correlations, principal components, and cluster were analyzed with the SPSS 16.0 software. Results: Twenty four inorganic elements in Polygoni Multiflori Radix were determined. And there were some correlations among the inorganic elements in Polygoni Multiflori Radix. The contents of K, Fe, Mg, Ca, and P were abundant. The content of heavy metals and harmful elements should be caused for concern. Six main factors were selected by principal component analysis (PCA). The PCA results showed that Fe, Si, Ca, Al, K, Be, Sb, Mn, Zn, and Ba may be the characteristic elements in Polygoni Multiflori Radix. Conclusion: This experiment provides the evidence for the quality control and safety evaluation of Polygoni Multiflori Radix.
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This study was aimed to measure the classification and content of inorganic elements in different parts of flowers, leaves and stems of cultivated Trollius chinensis. Meanwhile, a comparison was made in the classification and content of wild authentic T. chinensis and those of cultivated T. chinensis. At last, the medicinal quality of cul-tured T. chinensis was evaluated. An experimental method of flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry was adopted to analyze the classification and content of inorganic elements in different parts of flowers, leaves and stems of culti-vated T. chinensis and those of wild authentic T. chinensis. The results showed that the classification of inorganic el-ements in cultivated T. chinensis and those in wild authentic T. chinensis were the same. The contents of K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, Mn and Cu in both cultivated T. chinensis and wild authentic T. chinensis were basically the same. Most of the classification of inorganic elements in leaves of cultivated T. chinensis was the same with those in flowers. The content of inorganic elements was rich. It was concluded that the classification of inorganic elements in cultivated T. chinensis was the same with those in wild authentic T. chinensis. The main content was also similar. The planting of T. chinensis can meet the medicinal standards. Meanwhile, the leaves of T. chinensis can also be developed for medicinal value.